2018.04.14 21:28
https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F13%2Fscience%2Fvirosphere-evolution.html%3Fsmid%3Dnytcore-ipad-share%26smprod%3Dnytcore-ipad&data=02%7C01%7C%7C75b1e3c94e89418f0f5408d5a2c390f7%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636593883188190108&sdata=OQEwO%2B%2FWJYpYaxAgtSXG%2BkAB1l0wDh9Y6t65P%2BDsfro%3D&reserved=0
Viruses shape the ecology of the planet, but scientists still have only a rudimentary understanding of the microbial impacts on animals, plants and ecosystems.
2018.04.15 00:31
2018.04.15 04:14
2018.04.15 04:19
Joshua Lederberg, ForMemRS[1] (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008)[2] was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and exchange genes (bacterial conjugation).[3] He shared the prize with Edward Tatum and George Beadle, who won for their work with genetics.(from Internet)
2018.04.15 08:45
Modern science has not figured out where viruses come from.
As mentioned in the main text above, we humans along with animals and plants apparently have
a large number of our genes contributed by a large number of viruses in the entire span of the evolution of life.
It is just mind boggling to imagine all the unknowns and all the implications in that all life forms on this planet
are all connected and a sort of blood related cousins as Buddha taught so many years ago.
2018.04.15 13:02
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs.[1] The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations.[2] Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.[3] After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2011.[4]
On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest.[5] On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease.[6] In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out (outside laboratory stocks), following smallpox.[7]
Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle.[8] The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning "cattle-plague".[1][8] The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.[9] The measles virus emerged from rinderpest as a zoonotic disease between 1000 and 1100 AD, a period that may have been preceded by limited outbreaks involving a virus not yet fully acclimated to humans.[10](from Internet)