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Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard

Supreme Court of the United States

Argued October 31, 2022
Decided June 29, 2023
   
Questions presented
(1) Should this Court overrule Grutter v. Bollinger, and holds that institutions of higher education cannot use race as a factor in admissions; and
(2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act bans race-based admissions that, if done by a public university, would violate the Equal Protection Clause. Is Harvard violating Title VI by penalizing Asian-American applicants, engaging in racial balancing, overemphasizing race, and rejecting workable race-neutral alternatives?
Holding
Harvard's and UNC’s admissions programs violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit and United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina are reversed.
 
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. XIV;
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

 

Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, 600 U.S. ___ (2023), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court held that race-based affirmative action programs in college admissions processes violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.[1] With its companion caseStudents for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina, the Supreme Court effectively overruled Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) and Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) which validated the use of affirmative action programs in college admissions as long as race was not used as the sole deciding factor.[a]

 

The case involved Harvard University's undergraduate admissions process. Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA), an organization led by conservative legal strategist Edward Blum, represented a group of anonymous Asian Americans rejected from Harvard. After a brief pause spurred by the ruling in Fisher v. University of Texas (2016), the District Court for the District of Massachusetts ruled that Harvard's admissions process does not discriminate against Asian Americans. SFFA petitioned the Supreme Court in 2021; the Supreme Court granted both cases certiorari and consolidated them under Harvard in January 2022,[3] but following the appointment of Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson—a member of the Harvard Board of Overseers at the time—the cases were split with Jackson recusing from the Harvard case while participating in the North Carolina one.[4]

 

On June 29, 2023, the Supreme Court issued a decision that, by a vote of 6–2, reversed the lower court ruling. In writing the majority opinion, Chief Justice John Roberts held that affirmative action in college admissions is unconstitutional. By specification military academies are partially exempt from this ruling.

 

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