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Medical [Medical] Skipping Breakfast Increases CV Death Rate
2019.04.24 21:33
April 24, 2019
Skipping Breakfast Increases Risk for Cardiovascular Mortality
During 112,148 person-years of follow-up, 2318 deaths occurred including 619 deaths from cardiovascular disease.
Adults who skipped breakfast had a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality, according to a study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Researchers of this study evaluated the relationship between skipping breakfast and the risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III was used to obtain information on basic demographics, socioeconomic, physical activity, and frequency of eating breakfast for adults 40 to 75 years old. Recall interviews were used to determine dietary information. The National Center for Health Statistics’ National Death Index was used to determine mortality status.
Of the 6550 participants included in this study, 48% were men, and the mean age was 53.2 years old. Overall, 5.1% never ate breakfast, 10.9% rarely ate breakfast, 25% ate breakfast some days, and 59% ate breakfast every day. After a median follow-up of 18.8 years, a total of 2318 deaths occurred, with 619 being related to cardiovascular disease.
After fully adjusting for covariates, adults who never ate breakfast had a hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% CI, 0.99-1.42) for all-cause mortality and a hazard ratio of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.14-3.04) for cardiovascular mortality. Further analysis indicated that the association between skipping breakfast and stroke-specific mortality had a hazard ratio of 3.39 (95% CI, 1.4-8.24).
Comment 2
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This study indicates skipping breakfast increases the chance of death
from heart attacks and strokes, more noticeably from strokes.
One wonders about why, the mechanism, the pathophysiology behind it.
We know for sure that our brain needs glucose most urgently among all organs
all the time and cannot function long without it, and our heart is the next to brain
in demanding glucose most urgently.
We also know very well hypoglycemia is bad for heart patients and can create
arrhythmia among other things.
So in a way the results of this study are not entirely surprising in that
skipping breakfast may well promote or prolong low blood sugar, which
may have resulted in the outcome.
Abstract
Background Skipping breakfast is common among U.S. adults. Limited evidence suggests that skipping breakfast is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Objectives The authors sought to examine the association of skipping breakfast with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
Methods This is a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of 6,550 adults 40 to 75 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988 to 1994. Frequency of breakfast eating was reported during an in-house interview. Death and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to death records through December 31, 2011. The associations between breakfast consumption frequency and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were investigated by using weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results Among the 6,550 participants (mean age 53.2 years; 48.0% male) in this study, 5.1% never consumed breakfast, 10.9% rarely consumed breakfast, 25.0% consumed breakfast some days, and 59.0% consumed breakfast every day. During 112,148 person-years of follow-up, 2,318 deaths occurred including 619 deaths from cardiovascular disease. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, dietary and lifestyle factors, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors, participants who never consumed breakfast compared with those consuming breakfast everyday had hazard ratios of 1.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 3.04) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.99 to 1.42) for all-cause mortality.
Conclusions In a nationally representative cohort with 17 to 23 years of follow-up, skipping breakfast was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease. Our study supports the benefits of eating breakfast in promoting cardiovascular health.