향수의 출판원본이라합니다. 철자법 없이 쓴 아름다운 True original Korean 한글입니다.

정지용 시인이 일본 유학가서 고국을 그리며 썼다는 詩이지만,

그때 만주로 넘어갔던 블쌍한 우리 동포들의 영혼을 위로하며 올립니다.

You remind me, Dr.Ohn, of my trip to Uzbekistan in early ‘2000, the State Department arranged for my lecture and workshop at Tashkent U for their enormous number of Takayasu’s Arteritis and also vascular malformation. Honestly, I had no idea about this country and never been there as well and any interests till I get there to stay a week.

First, they gave me an additional warm welcome as a Korean because they have a well-respected Korean community throughout Uzbekistan to surprise me. Soon I learned such a sad story of Koreans who were forced to leave home at연해주 by Stalin in the middle of peak winter along with WWII and they literally dumped them in the middle of nowhere that is Uzbekistan area.

Only the people who were able to dig the frozen ground to shelter survived and further flourished to become a leading upper class right below white Russian and above the local peoples. I forgot the name but they were so proud of one artist/painter of Korean origin and one musician as well from Uzbekistan. Indeed, I learned there are many physicians of Korean origin throughout Central Asia, mostly educated at the medical school at Bishkek of Kyrgyzstan, the biggest one in Russia they said.

So, they honored my ethnicity as Korean though I was sent there by the U.S. Government as a part of the help and insisted to spare one afternoon to go out to visit Korean village which received a special prize/gold medal as the model collective farm, not far from Tashkent, and interestingly there was a small monument at the village entrance with the name of their leader of the community engraved, which happened to be same as my father in law’s name: 김병모.

So I had a chance to see the life of Koreyskiy in Russia; some old folks were still able to speak Korean with such severe함경도 dialect/accent and also impressed by their Korean food culture including 잡채, 김치, 찌개 - told they sell them at their market as a part of favorite local food-. Indeed, one driver of the Hospital Director who is Koreyskiy, insisted me to stop over at his house to have a meal with his family so that I reluctantly agreed to visit them and tasted their Korean food despite his wife was a local woman with no Korean relationship.

BB Lee

https://youtu.be/WXGnSyRTWDM

(광주 고려인 마을)

조선 말기 세도정치로 착취 당하던 조선인들은 지척에 있는 연해주로 

이주하여 황무지를 개발하고 잘 살았습니다. 일제 강점기에도 이주는 

계속되었고 이들은 무장독립운동에 적극적이었습니다. 

1937년 스탈린은 연해주에 사는 한인들을 중앙아시아로 이주 시켰습니다.

연해주에 약40만정도의 조선인은 러시아 토착민보다 훨씬 많았고 조선인을 

소련시민으로 받아들이기를 원치 않았으며 일본인과 구별이 않되어 적국의 

스파이로 활동할 것을 염려 했다고 합니다.

그들은 열차에 화물처럼 실려 갔습니다. 고생고생하며 일구어논 농토와 재산을 

버리고... 가는 도중 많은 사람들이 죽었습니다. 산 사람들은 중앙아시아에서 

또 황무지를 개간하여 살아 남았습니다.

남한이 잘살게 되고 노동인구가 필요하여 고려인들이 워크 비자로 남한에 들어와   

서 마을을 이루고 살고 있다고 합니다. 이들의 유일한 희망은 고국 남한의 시민이 

되는 것이라고 합니다. 좀더 너그러운 조건으로 되도록 많은 고려인들이 남한에서 

살게 해주면 얼마나 좋을 가요?

https://youtu.be/GYZbRNVOhHI

향수- 이동원, 박인수

http://weekly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=c02&nNewsNumb=002155100008

바보 온달은 사마르칸트 왕족의 아들?

“사마르칸트 왕은 온(溫)씨… 온달은 삼국사기의 유일한 온씨” 
“고구려·사마르칸트 교역 빈번해 이민족 아들 가능성” 이색 논문

바보로 유명한 고구려 온달(溫達·?~590) 장군은 우즈베키스탄 사마르칸트에서 건너온 왕족의 아들일 가능성이 크다”라는 주장이 학계에서 제기됐다. 연세대학교 지배선(64·역사문화학) 교수는 자신의 최근 논문 ‘사마르칸트와 고구려 관계에 대하여’에서 “온달 장군은 서역인과 고구려인 어머니 사이에서 태어난 다문화가정의 자녀로, 고구려 장군의 지위에까지 오른 입지전적 인물”이라며 “그를 국제적 인물로 다시 평가해야 한다”고 주장했다. 온달에 대한 새 해석이 담긴 이 논문은 5월 둘째 주 발간되는 백산학보 제89호에 게재될 예정이다.

온달은 삼국사기에 등장하는 유일한 온씨입니다. 우리나라 온씨 계보의 시조이죠. 그런데 중국 정사(正史)인 구당서 권 198 강국전에 따르면 ‘한대(漢代) 강거(康居)라는 지역에 월씨(月氏)라는 나라가 있었는데, 이 나라에서 나온 온씨(溫氏) 성을 가진 사람이 강국의 왕이 됐다’고 기록돼 있습니다. 당시 강국과 고구려의 교역이 빈번했다는 점을 고려하면, 온달이 사마르칸트 왕족의 아들일 가능성이 높습니다.”
   

What a fascinating story, Dr. Ohn!

So 온씨 계보의 시조 came all the way from Samarkand, how about that!!!! Absolutely mind-boggling story!!! But you certainly could accept it is possible, if you happen to look into their local history as well as its geographic characteristics. Absolutely!!!

Indeed, Samarkand has been the center of the crossroad for so many centuries, way before the Christ with full of records so that the migration of the local Uzbek people like온달to 고구려 is absolutely possible. It sat between the rivers, Syr Darya and the Amu Darya, at the heart of the ancient Silk Road route connecting China to Rome through the Middle East, next to the Ferghana Valley, known as the most fertile and warmest region in Central Asia.

Nevertheless, I was fascinated with Samarkand after I read the legendary story of Alexander the Great, in college days, who praised ‘Samarkand is the most beautiful place in the World’- I believe he even got married with local Bactrian (ancient Persian) beauty after he conquered the area -, and always dreamed to visit Samarkand someday.

So I was already captured to such fascinating history of Samarkand in particular, way before I had a chance to visit to Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in early 2,000, and learned a lot about the history of Central Asia dominated by Timur empire following Chagatai Khanate/Mongol empire. And I was simply overwhelmed with such brilliant Islamic culture, no other places could match. So I still wish to visit again leisurely to Samarkand together with Bukhara and Khiva in someday only to enjoy this fascinating local culture.

Anyhow, the majority of Uzbeks I met through my visits to Uzbekistan is Persian descendants though their language belongs the Turkic language family. They were genuinely warm and friendly I enjoyed most throughout my visits to Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan I never forget.

BB Lee

P.S. I strongly recommend to watch a BBC documentary television series/video Michael Wood, my most favorite British historian and broadcaster, once organized in late ’90 with the title of ‘the Footsteps of Alexander the Great’ I enjoyed so much.

Dear Drs. Ohn and BB Lee: 

Please forgive me for my uninvited entry to your heated academic discussions. 

I don't know much about Samarkand, ...kistan or ...gistan etc. 

I want to point a few minor issues as follows:

1, 月氏: 월씨라기보다 월지라고 부름이 오를 듯하네요.

2, 한자사전에서 찾아보면

大月氏: 대월지

중국의 전국 시대에서 한대에 걸쳐 중앙아시아에서 활약하던 터키계의 민족(民族). 또는 그 나라

3. 百度百科(백도백과) 는baike.baidu.com로서  Chinese Encyclopedia라고 보면 되겠지요.

여기에 월지를 찾아보니

月氏 （古代游牧民族） 고대유목민족으로써

月氏（yuezhī；舊讀ruzhī或rouzhī）是匈奴崛起以前居於河西走廊、祁連山的古代游牧民族，亦稱“月支”“禺知”。

월지는 “유에지”라고 발음되며, 흉노가 크게 일어나기전에 하서주랑에 거주하였고, 기련산의 고대 유목민족이로 또한 월지 혹은 우지로 칭하였다.

한글자전에서 찾아보니,

월씨란 말은 없고,

월지 혹은 월찌란 글은 있습니다.

월지 月氏 [월찌] 

noun 역사 중국의 전국시대에서 한대에 걸쳐 중앙아시아에서 활약하던 터키계의 민족. 또는 그 나라

그러니 발음을 월지라고 함이 옳겠군요.

4. 추후에 기회가 오면  百度百科에서 좀더 재료를 찾아오지요. 

Wow, what an interesting story you dug out from Chinese Google, KwanHo, thanks.

The problem I have, however, with such information is I can't link with other English written history we are familiar with.

For example, my understanding on '흉노' is quite independent as the way we were taught at the school, with no clear linkage to what we learned later along 'Hun'. Another similar question is 말갈! Is it same as 'Magyar' or else?  What about 돌궐? Is it same as 'Turkic'? As Steve once said, the pronunciation of Chinese characters we were taught is quite different from what Chinese calls now so that we have quite a confusion.

BB Lee

https://youtu.be/rrkMMp5leGk

bbc docu Alexander the god king

월지 月氏의 계속

월지는 BC 2세기에 흉노에게 패하여 “이리하(Yili River)” 일대 서편으로 옮겼고, 후에 다시 흉노의 지지를 받았던 오손에게 패하였고, 마침내 서편으로 대하를 공격하여 “규수(Guishui)” 즉 “아모하(Amu Darya)”의 양편 언덕을 점령하여 대월지 왕국을 건립하였다. 월지는 “이리하(Yili River”)까지 서쪽으로 이동하였고,  BC 202-205년에 초와 한의 전쟁할 시기에 원래 거주했던 “색종인(Serbs)”을 내쫓고, 그들을 분산시겨서, 일부는 남쪽 계빈(Feng Bin)으로 옮기고, 일부는 서쪽 파극특리아(Baktria)의 희랍인(Greek) 왕조를 침입하여서 대하국을 건립하였다. 후에 월지는 대하를 거듭 점령하여, 최후 AD 1세기에 남하하여 항하(Ganges)유역에 귀상(Gui Shuang) 왕조를 건립하였다.

월지는 의복, 음식, 언어가 강(羌)족과 같고, 월지의 언어는 많이 한장어계에 속할 가능성이 크다.

원문(原文)

月氏於公元前二世紀為匈奴所敗，西遷伊犁河一帶，後又敗於匈奴支持下的烏孫，遂西擊大夏，占領媯水（阿姆河:Amu Darya）兩岸，建立大月氏王國。月氏西遷伊犁河(Yili River)、楚河時，逐走了原居該地的塞種人（即在亞洲的斯基泰人） ，迫使塞種人分散，一部分南遷罽賓，一部分西侵巴克特裡亞的希腊人王朝，建立大夏國。後來月氏復占大夏，最後在公元1世紀南下恆河流域建立貴霜王朝。《後漢書·西羌傳》記載：月氏“被服飲食言語略與羌同”，說明月氏的語言很可能屬於漢藏語系。

KwanHo,

More listen carefully, more fascinating story, buddy! There are indeed quite extensive records for 대월지 왕국- in English?-!

Trying to figure them out in English so that I could link to my current knowledge(?) on this region where Greek/Macedonian troops remained to build their kingdom of Bactria after Alexander the Great retreated to Mesopotamia. 

So what is the name of 대하 in English? I am familiar with Amu Darya river of Uzbekistan as well as Yili River of Kazakhstan but never heard of any river called close to 대하 in that region. Indeed, there is another river crossing Uzbekistan, that is 'Syr Darya'- it was also infamous for the revolt against Alexander the Great; he himself was injured for the first(?) time through the war he carried on by the local people of Bactria, massacring the Macedonian garrisons stationed on the bank  of Syr Darya river-.  

BB 

BB Lee, you must be quite a curious fellow, far more than I am, which forced me to work harder than usual.

Here is what I gathered from the same 百度百科 about 대하국(大夏國):

大夏國: 대하국, Xia Country.

명하 (明夏 1363年—1371年)는 원조 후기에 일차로 농민이 의병을 일으켜 창건한 농민정권이다.

원조 말년에 홍건군 통군원수 명옥진(明玉珍)이 병사를 이끌고 서쪽으로 정벌하여 무협을 경유하여 촉으로 들어와 중경을 점령하고 아울려 원조관군을 사천(四川)에서 격파하여 사천을 평정하였다.

1363년에 명옥진이 황제가 되고 중경에 도읍을 정하고 국호를 대하(大夏)로 하였다. 1366년에 명옥진이 병사하고 아들 명승(明升)이 어린 나이로 계승하였는데 1371년에 명태조가  파병하여 촉을 공격하니 대항을 할 수없어서 명승이 항복하고 대하는 멸망하였고, 사천은 명조 통치하에 들어왔다

홍무(洪武) 5년(1372年)에 명승 전가족은 조선반도로 유배되고 후에 조선왕조 개국국왕 이성계가 그를 화촉군(華蜀君)으로 봉하고 공훈을 인정하여 세록(世祿) 즉 대대로 녹봉을 받았고, 개성 흥국사(開城的興國寺)에 정착하였다.

팽황후(彭皇后 명옥진의 부인)가 세상을 떠난 후 송도 만수산에 안장하였고, 호를 수능(肅陵)이라하고 신주를 두기위한 사우(祠宇)도 지었다. 그러니 대하국과 조선이 관련이 있었다.

대하(大夏)는 영문명으로 Xia Country이다.

원문(原文)

明夏 （元朝後期由農民起義創建的農民政權）

同義詞 大夏國一般指明夏（元朝後期由農民起義創建的農民政權）

明夏（1363年—1371年），是元朝後期的一次由農民起義創建的農民政權。

元朝末年，紅巾軍統軍元帥明玉珍領兵西征，由巫峽入蜀，占領重慶，並接著擊敗川內元朝官軍，基本上平定了川蜀。1363年，明玉珍稱帝，建都重慶，國號“大夏”。1366年，明玉珍病逝，其子明升年幼繼位。1371年，明太祖派兵攻蜀，夏兵不敵，明升投降，夏亡，四川歸明朝統治。

洪武五年（1372年），明升全家被流放朝鮮半島，後被朝鮮王朝開國國王李成桂封為華蜀君，享受“忠勛世祿”，定居開城的興國寺。彭皇后去世後，安葬在松都的萬壽山，號“肅陵”，並建有祠宇。

中文名大夏外文名Xia Country

別 名明夏時間範圍1363年 至 1371年都   

城重慶主要城市重慶，成都貨    幣天統通寶，

天統元寶開創者明玉珍人口數量八萬四千余戶（明洪武四年1371年）

Dear BB Lee: I looked for info about Bactria.

Bactria, also called Bactriana or Zariaspa, ancient country lying between the mountains of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) in what is now part of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Bactria was especially important between about 600 BC and about AD 600, serving for much of that time as a meeting place not only for overland trade between East and West but also for the crosscurrents of religious and artistic ideas. Bactria’s capital was Bactra, also called Bactra-Zariaspa (modern Balkh, Afghanistan). Bactria was a fertile country, and a profusion of mounds and abandoned water channels testifies to its ancient prosperity. Please look at the ancient map.

Great job, KwanHo, thanks. Now I could link Chinese version of the local history for Bactria region you brought to my current understanding/knowledge to clear my confusion.  We simply don't know about them partly due to the blockage under the Soviet but mostly due to our ignorance I felt so ashamed especially after the visit to Buchara and Khiva.

So, I certainly have a great interests in Islamic culture they have now and simply fascinated through my quite limited trips- only a total of four!- to Uzbekistan and also Kyrgyzstan. Indeed, we never learned about Central Asia in between Western and Eastern culture/civilization through our school days but they do have their unique distinctive culture, quite different from what we know about. Due to limited time as well as the opportunity, I wasn't able to travel to Turkmenistan and Tajikistan I really wanted to visit and tried while visiting  two neighbor countries, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan but failed due to the security risk- I had to cancell the plan to cross the southern border to Tajik country while I was at Osh to watch its celebration of 3,000th year/Anniversary of Silk Road because Japanese geographic study team at the border was kidnapped by the Tajik terrorists/insurgents a week before I got to Osh.

But I still dream to get to Pamir/Hindu Kush, and old country Bactria some day!

BB

P.S. During the Soviet era, Uzbekistan used entire arable land only for the cotton harvest abusing all the water resource of Amu Darya River so that Aral Sea was literally dried up to shock me when I visited from Khiva. 

Very long time ago, I remember the special news about the terrubly dried land which had been a part of sea due to the overuse of river water to irrigate the vast cotton farms, and there were multiple serious problems affecting the local people with epidemic malignanies affecting the respiratory organs such as lungs, trachea, bronchi and so on.

The vast dried lakes looked like dead regions along with some boats or ships staying in dried deep slopes. 

That was the old story of the worst states of USSR. I hope Russians must learn their mistakes with anti-humanitarian crimes. 

By the way, I do have my personal wish to make trips to Western Chinese frontiers, specifically 玉門關(옥문관) & 樓蘭(누란). Sometime I want to show you how and why I am so much yearning to visit those places.

It's getting cold.

Please take care of your health.

Have good days for year end holidays. 

Kwan Ho