2019.06.26 21:19
우미인초 북송위부인 |
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虞美人草 北宋魏夫人 우미인초 북송위부인 鴻門玉斗紛如雪, 十萬降兵夜流血. 홍문옥두분여설하니, 십만항병야유혈을. 咸陽宮殿三月紅, 覇業已隨煙燼滅. 함양궁전삼월홍하니, 패업이수연신멸을. 剛强必死仁義王, 陰陵失道非天亡. 강강필사인의왕하니, 음릉실도비천망을. 英雄本學萬人敵, 何用屑屑悲紅粧? 영웅본학만인적하니, 하용설설비홍장고? 三軍散盡旌旗倒, 玉帳佳人坐中老. 삼군산진정기도하니, 옥장가인좌중노를. 香魂夜逐劍光飛, 靑血化爲原上草. 향혼야축검광비하니, 청혈화위원상초를. 芳心寂寞寄寒枝, 舊曲聞來似斂眉. 방심적막기한지하니, 구곡문래사렴미를. 哀怨徘徊愁不語, 恰如初聽楚歌時. 애원배회수불어하니, 흡여초청초가시를. 滔滔逝水流今古, 漢楚興亡兩邱土. 도도서수유금고하니, 한초흥망양구토를. 當時往事具成空, 慷慨樽前爲誰舞? 당시왕사구성공하니, 강개준전위수무오? . |
우미인초 노래 불러 북송 여류시인 魏玩(위완) 홍문연 옥두가 눈 같이 부서졌으니, 십만 명 항복한 병졸 밤에 피를 흘렸네. 함양 궁전은 석 달을 붉게 탔으니, 패업은 이미 연기와 재를 따라 사라졌도다. 굳세고 힘찬 사람은 기필코 인의왕을 죽였으니, 음릉에서 길 잃음은 하늘이 망침이 아니었도다. 영웅이 본래 만인을 대적함을 배웠건만, 어찌 구차히 단장한 여인앞에서 서러워하는가? 삼군이 흩어지고 정기가 쓰러지니, 옥장막 안 아름다운 사람은 앉은채 늙어가네. 향기로운 혼은 밤중에 칼빛 쫓아 날아갔으니, 푸른 피는 화하여 언덕위 풀 되었도다. 꽃다운 마음 말없이 차가운 가지에 깃들이니, 옛 곡이 들려 옴에 고운 아미 거두는 듯. 슬프고 원망하며 한들거리고 시름속에 말없으니 마치 처음으로 초나라 노래소리 듣던 때 같도다. 도도히 가버리는 물은 오늘과 옛날에 흐르노니, 한과 초의 흥망성쇠는 두 언덕 흙이 되었도다. 당년에 지나간 일 허무함만 이루었으니, 강개히 술잔 앞에 누구를 위하여 춤추려나? . |
Song of Red Poppy Madame Wei And hundreds of thousand surrendered soldiers had to die overnight. The Hsien Yang Palace was ablaze for three months, Vanished with smokes and dusts were the conquering achievements The strong and stiff eventually killed the good and just lord, The loss of the retreating track at Yinling was not the heavenly plan. The hero had originally learnt how to fight ten thousand enemies, How could he humiliatingly shed tears in front of the Fair Lady? The whole army scattered away, leaving the flag fallen down, And the beauty in the jade-studded curtain was aging while sitting! Finally her fragrant soul flew away at the glimmer of a knife at night, And her blue blood turned into the flower on the hill by her grave. Her flowery heart was lonely attached to the cold branches, Upon hearing the old Songs the flower reminisced lowering of her eyebrows. Sorrowful, grieving, wavering, worried and silent appearing the flower, It's like the time when she first heard her cherished home town songs. The rushing water has been flowing in the river now and then, The rise and fall of the Han and Chu resulted only in two tombs. While the historic remains in those years all turned into nothing, With her spirits rising up, for whom would you dance before a jade glass? 賞析(상석) 虞美人草: Red Poppy from frontyard of lake home, Canandaigua, New York 古文眞寶 虞美人草(고문진보 우미인초): 1955년 12월경 어머니가 동네책방에서 사갖고 오셔서 우미인초를 읊고 설명해주셨던 그책이다 고문진보 1955년도: 여러분 이 누덕이는 그 옛날 청계천 헌책방에서도 발견할수없는 진품 명품이외다! 정관호의 소장한지 2022-1955=67년 나와함께 늙었네. 霸王别姬 FAREWELL MY CONCUBINE. The Beijing Opera:voutube 虞美人草Youtube Youtube 註釋(주석): 한자풀이 |
作者簡介
許彥國,字表民 [《宋詩拾遺》卷六作表臣],青州(今屬山東)人( 《竹莊詩話》卷一八),一作合肥(今屬安徽)人( 《苕溪漁隱叢話》前集卷六○)。舉進士,官不顯,與呂頤浩之父有交( 《竹莊詩話》)。有《許彥國詩》三卷( 《宋史·藝文志》),已佚。今錄詩十二首。
海上花語|虞美人:輕盈嬌麗,翩翩起舞影弱還如舞
花嬌欲有言
虞美人植株纖秀,花朵輕盈,色彩艷麗,似美人迎風輕舞,妖嬈動人。
虞美人,又叫麗春花、賽牡丹、錦被花、百般嬌、蝴蝶滿園春、虞美人花。據《辭海》記載,它原產自歐洲,但至遲在明代即已傳入我國。《古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典》第一二四卷引明代王世懋《花疏》曰:“虞美人,一名滿園春,千葉者佳。”成書於康熙二十七年(1688)陳淏子的《花鏡》曰:“虞美人,江浙最多,叢生,花葉類罌粟而小,一本有數十花,莖細而有毛發,蕊頭朝下,花開始直,單瓣叢心,五色俱備。姿態蔥秀,因風飛舞,儼如蝶翅扇動,亦花中妙品。”
傳說故事
虞姬的化身
虞美人名稱的由來,有著一個浸染著美人鮮血的動人故事。在楚漢相爭之時,項羽被劉邦困於垓下,其妃子虞姬看到大勢已去,為了消除項羽決戰的後顧之憂,便拔下項羽的佩劍自刎身亡。
後來項羽戰敗,在烏江岸邊自刎,到了第二年,虞姬的墓前開滿紅色的花朵,人們說這些花朵是虞姬的血化成,就稱之為“虞美人”,許彥國的《虞美人草行》中有詩雲“香魂夜逐劍光飛,青血化為原上草”。
歷代詠頌虞美人的文學作品也多以此事為題,中國的古人們把這種花看做虞姬的化身,稱之為虞美人。
細細品味,像虞姬這樣隱忍、堅貞的性格,她所化身的花朵必定是美麗的,而那種美麗又是內斂而不張揚的。“碧血化為江上草,花開更比杜鵑紅”,中國人用虞美人來像征虞姬的情懷、用虞姬來注解虞美人的美麗,這種對美的深入理解和闡釋實在令人欽佩。
影弱還如舞
花嬌欲有言
實在令人欽佩。
贊嘆虞美人
從詠草到詠花或花草兼詠
縱觀中國千百年來文人詠虞美人的詩詞,大致經歷了由詠草到詠花或花草兼詠的過程。
宋辛棄疾《浪淘沙·虞美人》曰:“不肯過江東,玉帳匆匆,至今草木憶英雄。唱著虞兮當日曲,便舞春風。”這裡借草舞春風言美人在思憶項王。
宋姜夔《虞美人草》曰:“夜闌浩歌起,玉帳生悲風。江東可千裡,棄妾蓬蒿中。化石那解語,作草猶可舞。陌上望騅來,翻愁不相顧。” 這是借草舞言美人的痴心。
明北澗《詠虞美人草》曰:“春姿忽作秋蓮萎,一寸剛明曾不死。明年原上野花繁,一枝自托華風起。裊裊娉娉不成艷,態度淺深生色染。向人欲訴卻無言,寂寞千年恨難掩。芳郊游女宛轉歌,停車拍手看婆娑。”花枝纖柔,裊裊娉娉,花繁艷麗,顏色深淺不一,顯然詠的是虞美人花。
而明徐茂吳《詠虞美人草》曰:“楚宮人去霸圖移,勝有芳名寄一枝。邑露晚妝余涕淚,臨風夜舞憶腰肢。乍翻尚自疑紅藥,欲刈終難混綠葵。若使靈均當日見,不將哀怨托江蘺。”臨風夜舞,花似芍藥、綠葵,詠花而兼及舞草。
又:“紅顏一日盡江湄,芳草能傳易代姿。尚想施朱留片萼,翻疑化碧有丹枝。迎風似逐歌聲起,宿雨那經舞袖垂。征艷莫教輕委地,徘徊猶似美人貽。”透過飛舞的花草,似乎能想像到虞姬楚歌、楚舞的絕代風姿。
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由此可見,明清以來的詠虞美人草詩,實際上多是詠花,或詠花而帶草,花草難辨。但不管詠花還是詠草,都一律在評論著那個風流、纏綿而又悲壯的故事。
此外,《虞美人》也是著名的詞牌之一,此調原為唐教坊曲,初詠項羽寵姬虞美人,因此為名。
其中,南唐後主李煜的《虞美人·春花秋月何時了》:“春花秋月何時了,往事知多少。小樓昨夜又東風,故國不堪回首明月中。雕欄玉砌應猶在,只是朱顏改。問君能有幾多愁,恰似一江春水向東流。”
詞中的悲恨幽苦千百年來不知感動了多少人,其曲牌來源亦與霸王慷慨別姬的動人故事有關。
自然野趣的虞美人
虞美人的花瓣有著一種絲絹般的質感,未開時卵圓形的花蕾上包裹著兩片長滿刺毛的萼片,獨自垂立在細細的花梗上,像極了低頭沉思的少女,嫻靜淡雅。待到花朵綻放之時,萼片脫落,花瓣脫穎而出,彎著的花梗也直立起來,亭亭玉立,無風也自搖,有風更是飄然欲飛,搖曳生姿,極富風韻。
虞美人和罌粟有很多相似之處,人們容易將兩者搞錯。其實雖然兩者同屬罌粟科,但是彼此之間還是有明顯區別的:
虞美人全株被明顯的糙毛,分枝多而纖細,葉質較薄,整體感覺纖弱。而罌粟全株光滑並被白粉,包括莖、葉、果等,莖粗壯,莖杆分枝少,葉厚實。虞美人花徑相對較小,花瓣極為單薄,質地柔嫩。
而罌粟花朵較大,花瓣質地較厚實,非常有光澤。虞美人果實較小,罌粟的蒴果直徑可達3cm-5cm,鮮時含有較多的白色乳汁(曬干即為生鴉)。
此外,虞美人的莖生葉基部不抱莖,葉和花梗都有剛毛;罌粟的莖生葉基部抱莖,葉和花梗都光滑無毛。虞美人非常適合庭院栽培,作一年生花境或與其它一年生草花組成混栽花境,十分自然野趣,加上種子有較好的自播能力,來年也能繼續出苗並開花。
是宋代詩人許彥國創作的作品。
文章轉載自:綠色上海作者 上海植物園|發布:2021-05-25 22:20:31 更新:2020-05-27 04:09:05
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2019.06.26 21:25
2019.10.16 02:40
KwanHo,
I can’t believe you even included the video of ‘FAREWELL MY CONCUBINE. The Beijing Opera’.
I saw it more than 20 years ago without having enough prior knowledge on the opera story in regard to 항우 and 우미인 so that I was so frustrated or rather bothered with such strange shrieking voice I wasn't accustomed. Indeed, in early days, they couldn’t care less to a few foreigners to come to watch the opera and they provided only Chinese written short brochure for Chinese audience so that I was able to read/figure out vaguely with my limited knowledge on new abbreviated Chinese alphabets. Although my Chinese friend who took me to the opera gingerly explained during the opera, I really couldn’t enjoy, not much fun! But for the second time, a few years ago, in different place with shorter version was much enjoyable, Indeed, through the last decade they improved it quite a bit to help the foreign visitors but I didn’t know it comes with such video. What a change!
I thank you once again for your extraordinary efforts to provide such thorough interpretation on this historical event to let us enjoy together. It is simply fantastic!!!
Warm regards,
BB
P.S. I read/heard about우미인초 but I didn’t know it is ‘red poppy’. Amazing!
여러해 전에 올렸던 우미인초 시인데 그 후 몇 차례 교정으로 재차 편집하여 올렸습니다.