注釋(주석)
①《西洲曲》:選自《樂府詩集·雜曲歌辭》。這首詩是南朝民歌。西洲曲,樂府曲調名。
②憶梅下西洲,折梅寄江北:意思是說,女子見到梅花又開了,回憶起以前曾和情人在梅下相會的情景,因而想到西洲去折一枝梅花寄給在江北的情人。下,往。西洲,當是在女子住處附近。江北,當指男子所在的地方。
③鴉雛色:像小烏鴉一樣的顏色。形容女子的頭發烏黑發亮。
④兩槳橋頭渡:從橋頭劃船過去,劃兩槳就到了。
⑤伯勞:鳥名,仲夏始鳴,喜歡單棲。這里一方面用來表示季節,一方面暗喻女子孤單的 處境(처경)。
⑥烏臼:現在寫作“烏桕”。
⑦翠鈿:用翠玉做成或鑲嵌的首飾。
⑧蓮子:和“憐子”諧音雙關。
⑨青如水:和“清如水”諧音,隱喻愛情的純潔。
⑩蓮心:和“憐心”諧音,即愛情之心。
⑾望飛鴻:這里暗含有望書信的意思。因為古代有鴻雁傳書的傳說。
⑿青樓:油漆成青色的樓。唐朝以前的詩中一般用來指女子的住處。
⒀盡日:整天。
⒁卷簾天自高,海水搖空綠:意思是說,卷簾眺望,只看見高高的天空和不斷蕩漾著的碧 波的江水。海水,這里指浩蕩的江水。
⒂海水夢悠悠:夢境像海水一樣悠長。
(16)Goldbach Conjecture: One of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics.
OVERVIEW
《Ode on Xizhou》, Five words and thirty-two sentences, is a rare long piece in the Southern Dynasties Yuefu [樂府] folk songs. The full text is very delicate, "full of the sentiment of beautiful and intricate music, clear and handsome, and continuous, which makes people "swaying in love". "Xizhou Song" can be described as one of the most mature and exquisite representative works of folk songs in this period.
The first sentence by "Mei[Plum] evokes the woman's good memories of the past with her lover in Xizhou and her lover's yearning. Since then, even though time and space have flown, the thoughts have never stopped.
The following are descriptions of several scenes: Xizhou Amusement, the woman's apricot-red clothes and jet-black hair are radiant and radiant; the door is opened to welcome the man, full of hope and then disappointment, and the mood is ups and downs; going out to pick lotus flowers, using lotus picking to express love Lover's love and longing; Climb up the building to look forward to your husband, wait by the railing, send love to the south wind and dream, and hope to meet with your lover.
The time and space change, and the mood is also changeable, sometimes anxious, sometimes warm, sometimes sweet, sometimes melancholy, and the whole text is flowing and lingering in both words and emotions.
There are three points worth noting in the art of "Xizhou Song".
The first is to be good at expressing the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the dynamic.
For example, the sentence "Lu Cuidian in the door" vividly expresses the character's mood through actions, while the six sentences "Picking the lotus at the South Pond on a fall day" are the essence of the whole article. It concentrates on writing and describing the protagonist With affectionate gestures and lyrical expressions, through the three actions of "picking lotus", "getting lotus" and "setting lotus", the changes of the characters' feelings are written in a very hierarchical manner. The psychological description of the actions is meticulous and truly emotional.
The second is the use of overlapping characters and tops. In the scene of "Opening the Door to Welcome my lover", the overlapping use of the four words "door" reinforces the woman's anxious feeling of eagerly looking forward to the arrival of her sweetheart, and looking out from the crack of the door from time to time.
In the scene of "Going out to pick lotus", seven words "lotus" are used in a row to express the woman's lingering feelings. And the use of top really makes the sentences flexible and vivid and catchy.
The third is the use of puns. Pun[同音異義] is an obvious feature of Yuefu [樂府]folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. It is rarely seen in the folk songs of the Book of Songs era [詩經時代] and the Yuefu folk songs of the Han and Wei Dynasties.
When it is said that "lotus" is a homophonic pun [諧音雙關] with the word "pity", and "pity" also means "love", it is an cryptic language that expresses a woman's love for her lover. At the same time, "lotus seeds are as clear as water" implies the purity of feelings, while "lotus hearts are completely red" means strong feelings. The use of these puns makes the poem seem implicit and sentimental.
It is also worth mentioning that this poem is famous for being "difficult to understand", and some researchers call it the "Goldbach Conjecture" [;哥德巴赫猜想] in the study of Southern Dynasty literature.
For example, there are different interpretations of the narrative perspective of this poem. Most people understand it from the perspective of women, and some people start from the perspective of men. A loving sweetheart. As the saying goes, poems are short of eloquence, and we can try a variety of new perspectives when interpreting them, so as to enrich the meaning of poetry.
This is English translation of a famous Chinese poem, 西洲曲(서주곡).
Please peruse this translation and enjoy it at your leisure.