나의 애호구절(愛好句節): 지나가는 길손이여  
 

내가 애호하는 구절을 영어로는 My favorite passages라고 불러도 보았다.
내가 들은 말 혹은 읽은 글 중에서 내 마음을 울리는 그런 구절을 말한다.좋은 격언부터, 그 옛날 가사까지 어느 것이나 마음을 울리면 이에 속한다.
길가에 써 붙였던 광고판에서, 극장에서 나오던 옛날의 변사 소리, 또는 옛 노래 등, 애호구절은 항상 기억하지는 않지만, 간혹 조용하고 한가할 때 기억이 나온다. 내용을 다시 음미하게

되고, 또 처음에 알게 되었던 때 얻었던 감명을 생각해 본다.
첫 번째 기억에 남는 구절을 소개하려고 한다.
이 역시 부산피란시절 중2 때 이야기였다.
방과 후 한반 친구 서너 명이서 서로 집에 가서 불러내어 함께 돌아다녔다. 갈 곳은 남포동

번화가로 내려가 길을 걷다가 들렀던 곳은 책방이었다. 거기에 전시된 여러가지 책 제목을

둘러보다가 흥미를 끄는 책을 뽑아서 읽기 시작한다.
한참 재미있게 읽는데 종업원이 와서 이제 그만 나가라고 하면 우리는 우르르 나가서, 다음

책 방에 가서 마지막 읽었던 부분을 찾아서 계속 읽었다.
드물게 친구가 어떤 책을 사면 서로 돌려가며 읽었다. 그때 가장 재미있게 읽었던 책 중에

하나가 플루타크 영웅전이었다.
그 중 테르모필레 전투 (THE BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE)였으며, 지금까지 기억에

남았다. 그 비문을 다시 한 번 써 본다.
지나는 길손이여, 스파르타인에게 전해주오
이곳에, 국법에 복종하여, 우리는 누웠다고.
이제 그 역사적 개요를 위키백과에서 자세히 찾아 보았다.

 

테르모필레 전투의 역사적 개요:
테르모필레 전투(고대 그리스어: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν

 

The Battle of Thermopylae (/θərˈmɒpɪliː/ thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought in 480 BC between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes I and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta under Leonidas I. Lasting over the course of three days, it was one of the most prominent battles of both the second Persian invasion of Greece and the wider Greco-Persian Wars.
The engagement at Thermopylae occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Artemisium: between July and September 480 BC. The second Persian invasion under Xerxes I was a delayed response to the failure of the first Persian invasion, which had been initiated by Darius I and ended in 490 BC by an Athenian-led Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. By 480 BC, a decade after the Persian defeat at Marathon, Xerxes had amassed a massive land and naval force, and subsequently set out to conquer all of Greece. In response, the Athenian politician and general Themistocles proposed that the allied Greeks block the advance of the Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae while simultaneously blocking the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium.
Around the start of the invasion, a Greek force of approximately 7,000 men led by Leonidas marched north to block the pass of Thermopylae. Ancient authors vastly inflated the size of the Persian army, with estimates in the millions, but modern scholars estimate it at between 120,000 and 300,000 soldiers. They arrived at Thermopylae by late August or early September; the outnumbered Greeks held them off for seven days (including three of direct battle) before their rear-guard was annihilated in one of history's most famous last stands. During two full days of battle, the Greeks blocked the only road by which the massive Persian army could traverse the narrow pass. After the second day, a local resident named Ephialtes revealed to the Persians the existence of a path leading behind the Greek lines. Subsequently, Leonidas, aware that his force was being outflanked by the Persians, dismissed the bulk of the Greek army and remained to guard their retreat along with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians. It has been reported that others also remained, including up to 900 helots and 400 Thebans. With the exception of the Thebans, most of whom reportedly surrendered, the Greeks fought the Persians to the death.
Themistocles was in command of the Greek naval force at Artemisium when he received news that the Persians had taken the pass at Thermopylae. Since the Greek defensive strategy had required both Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held, the decision was made to withdraw to the island of Salamis. The Persians overran Boeotia and then captured the evacuated city of Athens. The Greek fleet—seeking a decisive victory over the Persian armada—attacked and defeated the invading force at the Battle of Salamis in late 480 BC. Wary of being trapped in Europe, Xerxes withdrew with much of his army to Asia, reportedly losing many of his troops to starvation and disease while also leaving behind the Persian military commander Mardonius to continue the Achaemenid Empire's Greek campaign. However, the following year saw a Greek army decisively defeat Mardonius and his troops at the Battle of Plataea, ending the second Persian invasion.
Both ancient and modern writers have used the Battle of Thermopylae as a flagship example of the power of an army defending its native soil. The performance of the Greek defenders is also used as an example of the advantages of training, equipment, and use of terrain as force multipliers.

  지나가는 길손이여
라케다이몬 사람들에게 가서 전하라
여기에 그대들의 말을 따라 우리는 죽었노라고.
시모니테스

Epitaph of Simonides


Epitaph with Simonides' epigram
A well-known epigram, usually attributed to Simonides, was engraved as an epitaph on a commemorative stone placed on top of the burial mound of the Spartans at Thermopylae. It is also the hill on which the last of them died.
The original stone has not survived, but in 1955, the epitaph was engraved on a new stone. The text from Herodotus is:
Ὦ ξεῖν', ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδε
κείμεθα, τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.
Ō ksein', angellein Lakedaimoniois hoti tēide
keimetha, tois keinōn rhēmasi peithomenoi.

O stranger, tell the Lacedaemonians that
we lie here, obedient to their words.

Herodotus says:
Crown-wearing Achaemenid king killing a Greek hoplite. Impression from a cylinder seal, sculpted circa 500 BC–475 BC, at the time of Xerxes I. Metropolitan Museum of Art.



Here they defended themselves to the last, those who still had swords using them,
and the others resisting with their hands and teeth

IMAGES

1. 테르모필레 전투


2. 페르시아 전쟁시기에 그리스 세계 전도


3. 그리스와 페르시아 군의 테르모필레와 아르테미시온 진군을 보여주는 지도


4. 테르모필레의 과거와 현재 지도


5. 페르세우스 프로젝트의 자료에 근거한 그리스 팔랑크스 병진


6. 테르모필레의 레오니다스, 자크루이 다비드, 1814년. 이 작품은 테르모필레 전투의 다양한 역사적, 전설적 요소를 함께 실은 작품이다.


7. 시모니데스 경구가 음각된 묘비


8. Battle of Thermopylae Youtube(14 min 52 sec)


9. Harvest of War


10. Battle of Thermopylae
 

Simonides of Ceos
Simonides of Ceos was a Greek lyric poet, born in Ioulis on Ceos. The scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria included him in the canonical list of the nine lyric poets esteemed by them as worthy of critical study.
Born: 556 BC, Ioulis, Greece. Died: Sicily, Italy. Parents: Leoprepes of Ceus

  Epitaph of Simonides

A well-known epigram, usually attributed to Simonides, was engraved as an epitaph on a commemorative stone placed on top of the burial mound of the Spartans at Thermopylae. It is also the hill on which the last of them died.[71] The original stone has not survived, but in 1955, the epitaph was engraved on a new stone. The text from Herodotus is:

Ὦ ξεῖν', ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδε
κείμεθα, τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.
Ō ksein', angellein Lakedaimoniois hoti tēide
keimetha, tois keinōn rhēmasi peithomenoi.

O stranger, tell the Lacedaemonians that
we lie here, obedient to their words.  

The alternative ancient reading πειθόμενοι νομίμοις (peithomenoi nomίmois) for ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι (rhēmasi peithomenoi) substitutes "laws" (νόμοι) for "words".
The form of this ancient Greek poetry is an elegiac couplet, commonly used for epitaphs. Some English renderings are given in the table below. It is also an example of Laconian brevity, which allows for varying interpretations of the meaning of the poem. Ioannis Ziogas points out that the usual English translations are far from the only interpretation possible, and indicate much about the romantic tendencies of the translators.
It was well known in ancient Greece that all the Spartans who had been sent to Thermopylae had been killed there (with the exception of Aristodemus and Pantites), and the epitaph exploits the conceit that there was nobody left to bring the news of their deeds back to Sparta. Greek epitaphs often appealed to the passing reader (always called 'stranger') for sympathy, but the epitaph for the dead Spartans at Thermopylae took this convention much further than usual, asking the reader to make a personal journey to Sparta to break the news that the Spartan expeditionary force had been wiped out. The stranger is also asked to stress that the Spartans died 'fulfilling their orders'.