General Cities with best and worst tap water

2009.12.12 13:21

이한중*65 Views:22257

Cities with best and worst tap water

By Lori Bongiorno
Posted Sat Dec 12, 2009 10:55am PST

(Photo: Getty Images)

How safe is the water that flows out of your tap? The answer very much depends on where you live.

It's now easier than ever for consumers to find out what's in their tap water. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) today released the results of a three-year investigation of municipal water supplies across the U.S.

The research and advocacy group looked at water quality tests performed by water utilities since 2004 and created an extensive database that contains info on the contaminants found in 48,000 communities in 45 states.

EWG also rated 100 big city (population over 250,000) water utilities. Below are the top and bottom results.

Cities with the best water:

Arlington, TX
Providence, RI
Fort Worth, TX
Charleston, SC
Boston, MA
Honolulu, HI
Austin, TX
Fairfax County, VA
St. Louis, MO
Minneapolis, MN

Cities with the worst water:

Pensacola, FL
Riverside, CA
Las Vegas, NV
Riverside County, CA
Reno, NV
Houston, TX
Omaha, NE
North Las Vegas, NV
San Diego, CA
Jacksonville, FL

If you live in one of the few areas that weren't investigated, you can get an annual report of what's in your public drinking water. If your water comes from a well, then see the EPA's guidelines for those who use private wells.

The results of the investigation raise some concerns about municipal water supplies in the U.S. EWG says 316 different contaminants were found in the nation's tap water. The group also points out that more than half of those contaminants aren't regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Establishing more effective source water protection programs and developing enforceable government standards for contaminants would go a long way toward improving the nation's water supply, according to the EWG.

In the meantime, no one is suggesting that you go out and start drinking bottled water (although, of course, in emergency situations it can be necessary). Experts still agree that drinking tap is preferable to drinking bottled water. Bottled water is much more expensive than tap, it takes a huge toll on the planet, and it's not necessarily any safer than tap. "Bottled water is not regulated in the same way as tap water," says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at EWG. "With bottled water, consumers often do not know what they are getting, and 25 to 40 percent of bottled water on the market is simply tap poured into a bottle."

Knowing what's in your water is the key. Once you know which contaminants are present, you can find the best filter to get rid of them

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Comment 4

**이한중*65**

2009.12.12 13:39

EWG INVESTIGATION

Findings

About The Data

News Release

EWG Statement, 03/10/2008

National Summary

Data from 42 states

39,751 Water Systems

Serving 231 million People

An Environmental Working Group analysis of tap water tests from 1998 through 2003 for more than 39,000 communities nationwide shows that 260 pollutants were detected in the nation's drinking water.

Pollution Summary

260	Total Contaminants Detected
82	Agricultural Pollutants (pesticides, fertilizer, factory farms) Ammonia, Chlorate, Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Sulfate, Thallium (total), MBAS, Phosphorus, Endrin, Desethylatrazine, Desisopropylatrazine, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene, Carbaryl, Methomyl, Baygon (Propoxur), Methiocarb, Acetochlor, Paraquat, Prometon (2,4-bis -6-(isopropylamino)), Dalapon, Diquat, Endothall, Glyphosate, Oxamyl (Vydate), Simazine, Picloram, Dinoseb, Aldicarb sulfoxide, Aldicarb sulfone, Metolachlor, Carbofuran, Aldicarb, Atrazine, Alachlor (Lasso), EPTC (Eptam), Butylate (Sutan), Cyanazine (Bladex), Trifluralin, Ethion, Heptachlor, 3-Hydroxycarbofuran, Heptachlor epoxide, Endosulfan I, Dieldrin, p,p'-DDT, Butachlor, Propachlor, Bromacil, Dacthal, Diuron, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex), 2,4,5-T, Chloramben, Dichlorprop, Bromomethane, Isophorone, alpha-Lindane, beta-Lindane, Aldrin, 1,3-Dichloropropene, Dicamba, Iodomethane, Chloropicrin, Metribuzin, Bentazon (Basagran), Molinate (Ordram), Thiobencarb (Bolero), Foaming agents (surfactants), Phenols, 1,2 Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), Ethylene dibromide (EDB), Chlordane, m-Dichlorobenzene, Ethylbenzene, Perchlorate, Total aldicarbs, Alpha Chlordane
58	Sprawl and Urban Pollutants (road runoff, lawn pesticides, human waste) Ammonia, Arsenic (total), Cadmium (total), Copper, Hydrogen sulfide, Lead (total), Mercury (total inorganic), Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Antimony (total), Lithium, Molybdenum, Oil & Grease (total), Phosphorus, Lindane, Baygon (Propoxur), Paraquat, Glyphosate, Trifluralin, Isopropyl alcohol, Trichlorofluoromethane, Acetone, Naphthalene, MTBE, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Dimethylphthalate, Diethylphthalate, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Di-n-butylphthalate, Butyl Benzylphthalate, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, alpha-Lindane, beta-Lindane, tert-Butylbenzene, sec-Butylbenzene, Chloropicrin, Trichlorotrifluoroethane, Phenols, Xylenes (total), p-Xylene, Tetrachloroethylene, Benzene, Bromobenzene, m-Xylene, o-Xylene, n-Propylbenzene, Ethyl-t-butyl ether (ETBE)
166	Industrial Pollutants Aluminum, Ammonia, Bromide, Arsenic (total), Chlorate, Barium (total), Cadmium (total), Chromium (total), Cyanide, Hydrogen sulfide, Lead (total), Manganese, Mercury (total inorganic), Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Selenium (total), Silver (total), Strontium, Sulfate, Antimony (total), Beryllium (total), Chromium (hexavalent), Lithium, Molybdenum, Thallium (total), Vanadium, MBAS, Oil & Grease (total), Phosphorus, Carbon disulfide, Lindane, p-Isopropyltoluene, Di(2-Ethylhexyl) adipate, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, 1,4-Dioxane, Endosulfan I, Butyl Acetate, Ethyl ether, Isopropyl alcohol, Chloromethane, Dichlorodifluoromethane, Bromomethane, Chloroethane, Trichlorofluoromethane, n-Nitrosodiphenylamine, Aniline, 1,2-Dibromoethylene, Acrylonitrile, Acetone, Isopropyl ether, Hexachlorobutadiene, Methyl ethyl ketone, Naphthalene, Methyl isobutyl ketone, MTBE, Nitrobenzene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Isophorone, Tetrahydrofuran, Fluorene, 2-Hexanone, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Dimethylphthalate, Diethylphthalate, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Di-n-butylphthalate, Butyl Benzylphthalate, Methyl methacrylate, Chrysene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Pentachlorophenol, n-Hexane, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene, Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Aroclor 1016, Aroclor 1221, Aroclor 1232, Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1248, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1260, 1,1-Dichloropropene, 1,3-Dichloropropane, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 2,2-Dichloropropane, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, n-Butylbenzene, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, tert-Butylbenzene, sec-Butylbenzene, Bromochloromethane, Chloropicrin, 2-Nitropropane, Glyoxal, Trichlorotrifluoroethane, Foaming agents (surfactants), Phenols, Ethylene dibromide (EDB), Xylenes (total), Formaldehyde, p-Xylene, Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), o-Chlorotoluene, p-Chlorotoluene, m-Dichlorobenzene, o-Dichlorobenzene, p-Dichlorobenzene, Vinyl chloride, 1,1-Dichloroethylene, 1,1-Dichloroethane, trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-Dichloropropane, Trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, Monochlorobenzene (Chlorobenzene), Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Bromobenzene, Isopropylbenzene, m-Xylene, Styrene, o-Xylene, n-Propylbenzene, m- & p- Xylene, Alpha particle activity (excl radon and uranium), Alpha particle activity (incl. radon & uranium), Combined Uranium (mg/L), Uranium-234, Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Combined Radium (-226 & -228), Radium-226, Radium-228, Alpha particle activity (suspended), Gross beta particle activity (dissolved), Gross beta particle activity (suspended), Potassium-40 (total), Gross beta particle activity (mrem/yr), Gross beta particle & photon emitters (man-made), Tritium, Alpha particle activity, 25-Manganese-54, Strontium-90, Perchlorate, Ethyl-t-butyl ether (ETBE), Dichlorofluoromethane, Combined Uranium (pCi/L), Gross beta particle activity (pCi/L)
43	Water Treatment and Distribution Byproducts (pipes and fixtures, treatment chemicals and byproducts) Chloramine, Chlorate, Chlorine dioxide, Chlorite, Bromate, Cadmium (total), Orthophosphate, Asbestos, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Chloromethane, Methyl ethyl ketone, 2-Hexanone, Fluoranthene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Dibromomethane, Bromochloromethane, Monochloroacetic acid, Dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, Monobromoacetic acid, Dibromoacetic acid, Bromochloroacetic acid, Total haloacetic acids, Dichloroacetonitrile, 1,1-Dichloropropanone, Chloropicrin, Glyoxal, Chloroform, Bromoform, Bromodichloromethane, Dibromochloromethane, Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Formaldehyde, m-Dichlorobenzene, Dichloroiodomethane, Vinyl chloride, Bromodichloroacetic acid, Chlorodibromoacetic acid, Tribromoacetic acid
40	Naturally Occurring (naturally present but increased for lands denuded by sprawl, agriculture, or industrial development) Aluminum, Ammonia, Bromide, Arsenic (total), Chromium (total), Copper, Hydrogen sulfide, Lead (total), Manganese, Mercury (total inorganic), Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Selenium (total), Silver (total), Sulfate, Chromium (hexavalent), Lithium, Phosphorus, Chloromethane, Alpha particle activity (excl radon and uranium), Alpha particle activity (incl. radon & uranium), Radon, Combined Uranium (mg/L), Uranium-234, Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Combined Radium (-226 & -228), Radium-226, Radium-228, Alpha particle activity (suspended), Gross beta particle activity (dissolved), Gross beta particle activity (suspended), Potassium-40 (total), Gross beta particle activity (mrem/yr), Gross beta particle & photon emitters (man-made), Alpha particle activity, Combined Uranium (pCi/L), Gross beta particle activity (pCi/L)
142	Unregulated Contaminants EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for these contaminants Ammonia, Bromide, Chlorate, Hydrogen sulfide, Phosphate, Orthophosphate, Strontium, Lithium, Molybdenum, Vanadium, Oil & Grease (total), Phosphorus, Carbon disulfide, Desisopropylatrazine, Carbaryl, Methomyl, Baygon (Propoxur), Methiocarb, Acetochlor, Paraquat, Prometon (2,4-bis -6-(isopropylamino)), p-Isopropyltoluene, Aldicarb sulfoxide, Aldicarb sulfone, Metolachlor, Aldicarb, 1,4-Dioxane, EPTC (Eptam), Butylate (Sutan), Cyanazine (Bladex), Trifluralin, Ethion, 3-Hydroxycarbofuran, Endosulfan I, Dieldrin, p,p'-DDT, Butachlor, Propachlor, Butyl Acetate, Ethyl ether, Isopropyl alcohol, Bromacil, Dacthal, Diuron, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-T, Chloramben, Dichlorprop, Chloromethane, Dichlorodifluoromethane, Bromomethane, Chloroethane, Trichlorofluoromethane, n-Nitrosodiphenylamine, Aniline, 1,2-Dibromoethylene, Acrylonitrile, Acetone, Isopropyl ether, Hexachlorobutadiene, Methyl ethyl ketone, Naphthalene, Methyl isobutyl ketone, MTBE, Nitrobenzene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Isophorone, Tetrahydrofuran, Fluorene, 2-Hexanone, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Dimethylphthalate, Diethylphthalate, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Di-n-butylphthalate, Butyl Benzylphthalate, Methyl methacrylate, Chrysene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, alpha-Lindane, beta-Lindane, Aldrin, n-Hexane, Dibromomethane, 1,1-Dichloropropene, 1,3-Dichloropropane, 1,3-Dichloropropene, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 2,2-Dichloropropane, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, n-Butylbenzene, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, tert-Butylbenzene, sec-Butylbenzene, Bromochloromethane, Dicamba, Bromochloroacetic acid, Iodomethane, Dichloroacetonitrile, 1,1-Dichloropropanone, Chloropicrin, 2-Nitropropane, Glyoxal, Metribuzin, Bentazon (Basagran), Molinate (Ordram), Thiobencarb (Bolero), Trichlorotrifluoroethane, Phenols, Formaldehyde, o-Chlorotoluene, p-Chlorotoluene, m-Dichlorobenzene, Dichloroiodomethane, 1,1-Dichloroethane, 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, Bromobenzene, Isopropylbenzene, n-Propylbenzene, Radon, Potassium-40 (total), Tritium, 25-Manganese-54, Strontium-90, Perchlorate, Benzo[b]fluoranthene & Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Bromodichloroacetic acid, Chlorodibromoacetic acid, Tribromoacetic acid, Alpha Chlordane, Ethyl-t-butyl ether (ETBE), Dichlorofluoromethane

260

120

166

Total pollutants

Agricultural pollutants

Sprawl and Urban pollutants

Industrial pollutants

Water Treatment and Distribution Byproducts

Naturally occurring pollutants

Number of pollutants detected (1998-2003)

Over health based limits

NOTE: Health based limits included in this analysis include enforceable drinking water limits (called Maximum Contaminant Limits, or MCLs) as well as governmental, non-enforceable health guidelines, such as Maximum Contaminant Limit Goals (MCLGs), lifetime health advisory levels, one-day and ten-day advisory levels to protect children from non-cancer health endpoints, and other government-established health guidelines for tap water contaminants.

State Summary

Table: States with Biggest Pollution Concerns

Rank	State	Contams. detected	Contams. over health limits	Poplulation exposed to contams.	Population exposed over health- based limits
1	California*	145	64	49,824,189	46,852,770
2	Wisconsin	118	60	3,768,113	3,575,284
3	North Carolina	107	56	6,501,832	6,179,490
4	Florida	107	59	16,562,089	15,538,094
5	Texas	105	56	19,588,430	17,486,112
6	New York	104	41	2,049,452	1,221,890
7	Nevada	100	41	2,214,147	2,173,655
8	Pennsylvania	96	44	10,397,815	9,339,157
9	Ohio	92	41	10,062,663	9,655,568
10	Illinois	90	58	11,198,631	10,614,995
National Total		260	120	223,409,898	195,257,315

* According to EPA, the actual number of individuals served is smaller, because many Americans drank water from, and are counted as users by, more than one public water system during the course of a year.

View Full Table

Health Effects Summary

Health effects or target organs of contaminants found: Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity, Cancer, Developmental Toxicity, Endocrine Toxicity, Immunotoxicity, Kidney Toxicity, Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity, Musculoskeletal Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Respiratory Toxicity, and Skin Sensitivity.

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Contaminants of Concern

Rank	Contaminant Name	Population Exposed (of 231,439,195)		Number of Water Systems (of 39,751)		Number of States with Detections (of 42)
Rank	Contaminant Name	At Any Level	Above Health Limits See Note	At Any Level	Above Health Limits See Note	Number of States with Detections (of 42)
1	Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) Regulated	170,113,651	116,265,462	14,675	6,975	39
1	Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) Regulated	Measure of four disinfection by-products
2	Nitrate Regulated	164,806,730	12,390,279	22,363	657	31
2	Nitrate Regulated	Chemical that enters water from fertilizer runoff, leaching septic tanks, and erosion of natural deposits
3	Chloroform Regulated	153,506,945	78,454,760	11,369	4,134	38
3	Chloroform Regulated	Disinfection by-product
4	Bromodichloromethane Regulated	147,485,443	115,218,832	9,966	7,298	38
4	Bromodichloromethane Regulated	Disinfection by-product
5	Dibromochloromethane Regulated	139,104,583	100,373,485	9,443	7,005	38
5	Dibromochloromethane Regulated	Disinfection by-product
6	Barium (total) Regulated	134,841,413	827,080	18,835	177	29
6	Barium (total) Regulated	Mineral from drilling and mining waste runoff; erosion of natrual deposits
7	Bromoform Regulated	99,694,236	4,363,943	6,140	726	34
7	Bromoform Regulated	Disinfection by-product
8	Arsenic (total) Regulated	90,097,384	90,096,056	9,957	9,956	38
8	Arsenic (total) Regulated	Metal that enters water by erosion of natural deposits, runoff from glass and electronics processing
9	Copper Regulated	77,074,622	4,398,112	12,169	1,402	29
9	Copper Regulated	contaminant that enters water by corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits
10	Total haloacetic acids Regulated	69,077,841	20,251,582	2,791	935	27
10	Total haloacetic acids Regulated	Measure of disinfection by-products; refers to the sum of the concentrations of dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid in a water sample.
11	Nitrate & nitrite Regulated	66,875,947	116,283	7,526	97	15
11	Nitrate & nitrite Regulated	Chemical that enters water from fertilizer runoff, leaching septic tanks, and erosion of natural deposits
12	Alpha particle activity Regulated	66,388,504	691,892	6,632	319	13
12	Alpha particle activity Regulated	From mining waste polluants and natural sources
13	Manganese Regulated	59,746,385	6,089,914	8,182	2,273	28
13	Manganese Regulated	element from natural deposits as well as industrial use
14	Lead (total) Regulated	50,382,986	9,619,783	7,942	2,275	33
14	Lead (total) Regulated	Metal that enters water by corrosion of household plumbing systems; industrial pollutant; erosion of natural deposits
15	Aluminum Regulated	47,160,552	695,255	2,570	89	13
15	Aluminum Regulated	Metal from metal refineries and mining operations
16	Alpha particle activity (excl radon and uranium) Regulated	36,052,637	296,169	6,296	219	15
16	Alpha particle activity (excl radon and uranium) Regulated	From mining waste pollutants and natural sources
17	Trichloroacetic acid Regulated	35,501,045	2,023,732	1,689	253	15
17	Trichloroacetic acid Regulated	Disinfection by-product
18	Radon Unregulated	34,833,416	12,434,478	1,215	879	16
18	Radon Unregulated	natural (radioactive) breakdown product of uranium in soil, rock and water
19	Selenium (total) Regulated	32,638,423	2,184,722	2,431	39	7
19	Selenium (total) Regulated	Metal from mining or petrolum refining pollution; erosion of natural deposits
20	Nitrite Regulated	28,587,707	707,975	2,722	87	22
20	Nitrite Regulated	Chemical that enters water from fertilizer runoff, leaching septic tanks, and erosion of natural deposits

Comment Update Delete

방준재*70

2009.12.12 21:46

When I went to Busan last summer everybody was drinking Bottled Water,
even they used bottled water for cooking because of contaminated tap water.
When I looked down Nak-dong-gang from above in the plane one the way
to Busan from Seoul, the color of the river was Not Blue But Copper Color.
No wonder they need to clean Four Rivers. What about China these days?

Comment Update Delete
이한중*65

2009.12.12 22:54

I'm horrified by the extent of the water contamination and
the sheer number of chemicals we all are exposed to.
We are all in it together, and I feel like we are being poisoned together
like in "the concentration camp."

We are all reminded by the remarks of the Indian Chief Seattle who already knew
what the civilization was doing to the God-given Earth, our Mother.
The air we are breathing is no different from the water we are drinking.
God has mercy on us !

Comment Update Delete
황규정*65

2009.12.12 23:55

Thanks for the informations. Sure it horrify me too.
We tend to think too much our wellbeings only,but
we should broaden our minds more to open our eyes
for 'Saving the Earth'. Then eventually that would help
our wellbeings as well,I think.
By the way, we drink filtered tap water all the time
at home and only time I drink bottle water,when I
play a round of golf.
When we visited China last October they advised
us drinking the bottled water, Dr. Bang! KJ

Comment Update Delete

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8844	김창룡 암살사건; 한국의 맥카시즘 [2]	2024.05.05	온기철*71	2024.05.07	16
8843	연꽃 따는 노래	2024.05.01	정관호*63	2024.05.01	19
8842	훈민정음의 비밀 [5]	2024.04.25	운영자	2024.05.01	69
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8840	코너킥으로 웃었다... 황선홍호, 일본 제압하고 8강으로 [5]	2024.04.22	황규정*65	2024.04.25	30
8839	[시조]懷古歌: 회고가 [1]	2024.04.21	정관호*63	2024.04.21	12
8838	부산형무소 살해사건	2024.04.20	온기철*71	2024.04.20	19
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8834	“쏘니,너와 함께 뛴건 행운!”, 400경기 감동 축하영상 [6]	2024.04.06	황규정*65	2024.05.05	34
8833	길에서 만난 한식 [1]	2024.04.03	정관호*63	2024.04.09	34
8832	돌아오는 기러기 [1]	2024.03.27	정관호*63	2024.04.18	47
8831	이강인-손흥민 ‘골 합작’ 한국, 태국 3-0 완승…월드컵 최종 예선 진출 성큼 [2]	2024.03.26	황규정*65	2024.03.27	43
8830	1945년 8월 15일 오후 강릉 홍제정 안마을에서 [2]	2024.03.19	정관호*63	2024.03.24	76
8829	이승만은 왜 김구를 제거 했을까? [1]	2024.03.17	온기철*71	2024.03.18	52
8828	My Grandson [1]	2024.03.15	노영일*68	2024.03.18	107
8827	蜀相(촉상): 촉한 승상 제갈량 [1]	2024.03.15	정관호*63	2024.04.12	59
8826	1945년 8월15일에는 서울에 아무일도 없었다. [1]	2024.03.13	온기철*71	2024.03.14	54
8825	왕소군 고향에서 [1]	2024.03.08	정관호*63	2024.03.20	58

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General Cities with best and worst tap water

Comment 4

**이한중*65**

National Summary

Data from 42 states

39,751 Water Systems

Serving 231 million People

**방준재*70**

**이한중*65**

**황규정*65**